3D printen (Basis)
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Wat is 3D-printen?
3D-printen wordt ook wel desktopfabricage of additive manufacturing genoemd. Het is een prototypingproces waarbij een echt object wordt gemaakt op basis van een 3D-ontwerp. Het digitale 3D-model wordt opgeslagen in STL-formaat en vervolgens naar een 3D-printer gestuurd. De 3D-printer print het ontwerp vervolgens laag voor laag en vormt een echt object. Lees verder..
3D-printtechnologieën
Er zijn nogal wat technologieën die 3D-printen mogelijk maken. De belangrijkste verschillen zijn de manier waarop lagen worden opgebouwd om onderdelen te maken.
SLS (selectieve lasersintering), FDM (fused deposition modeling) en SLA (stereolithografie) zijn de meest gebruikte technologieën voor 3D-printen. Selectief lasersinteren (SLS) en Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) maken gebruik van smelt- of verzachtingsmateriaal om de lagen te produceren.
In deze video wordt beschreven hoe het lasersinterproces fijne poeders beetje bij beetje laat smelten tot 3D-vormen.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wD9-QEo-qDk
Deze video laat zien hoe FDM werkt.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SPtkOmP_HoA
In de onderstaande video wordt het proces van stereolithografie (SLA) uitgelegd.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iceiNb_1E0I
Over het algemeen zijn de belangrijkste overwegingen snelheid, kosten van het gedrukte prototype, kosten van de 3D-printer, keuze en kosten van materialen en kleurmogelijkheden.
De geschiedenis van 3D-printen
5 oktober 2011 - Roland DG Corporation introduceert de nieuwe iModela iM-01.
Sep, 2011 - De Technische Universiteit van Wenen, er is nu een kleiner, lichter en goedkoper printapparaat ontwikkeld.
Deze kleinste 3D-printer weegt 1,5 kilogram en kost ongeveer 1200 euro.
Augustus 2011 - 's Werelds eerste 3D-geprinte vliegtuig, gemaakt door ingenieurs van de Universiteit van Southampton.
3D-printtoepassingen
Eén van de belangrijkste toepassingen van 3D-printen ligt in de medische industrie. Met 3D-printen kunnen chirurgen mockups maken van delen van het lichaam van hun patiënt die moeten worden geopereerd.
Met 3D-printen is het mogelijk om binnen enkele uren een onderdeel helemaal opnieuw te maken. Hiermee kunnen ontwerpers en ontwikkelaars van plat scherm naar exact onderdeel gaan.
Tegenwoordig wordt bijna alles, van ruimtevaartcomponenten tot speelgoed, gebouwd met behulp van 3D-printers. 3D-printen wordt ook gebruikt voor sieraden en kunst, architectuur, modeontwerp, kunst, architectuur en interieurontwerp.
Hier zijn enkele bijzondere voorbeelden van 3D-printen:
- De eerste 3D-geprinte auto ter wereld
- 's Werelds eerste chocoladeprinter
- 's Werelds eerste 3D-geprinte bikini
What is a 3D printer?
3D printer is unlike of the common printers. On a 3D printer the object is printed by three dimension. A 3D model is built up layer by layer. Therefore the whole process is called rapid prototyping, or 3D printing.
The resolution of the current printers are among the 328 x 328 x 606 DPI (xyz) at 656 x 656 x 800 DPI (xyz) in ultra-HD resolution. The accuracy is 0.025 mm - 0.05 mm per inch. The model size is up to 737 mm x 1257 mm x 1504 mm.
The biggest drawback for the individual home user is still the high cost of 3D printer. Another drawback is that it takes hours or even days to print a 3D model (depending on the complexity and resolution of the model). Besides above, the professional 3D software and 3D model design is also in a high cost range.
Alternatively there are already simplified 3D printers for hobbyist which are much cheaper. And the materials it uses is also less expensive. These 3D printers for home use are not as accurate as commercial 3D printer.
Whats the difference between a basic rapid prototyping machine and a 3D printer?
3D printers are the simple version of rapid prototyping machines. It is lower lost and less capable.
Rapid prototyping is a conventional method that has been used by automotive and aircraft industries for years.
In general 3D printers are compact and smaller than RP machines. They are ideal for use in offices. They use less energy and take less space. They are designed for low volume reproduction of real objects made of nylon or other plastics. That also means 3D printers make smaller parts. Rapid prototyping machines have build chambers at least 10 inches on a side, a 3D printer has less than 8 inches on a side. However a 3D printer is capable of all the functions of rapid prototyping machine such as verifying and validating design, creating prototype, remote sharing of information etc.
Consequently 3D printers are easy to handle and cheap to maintain. You can buy one of those DIY kit in the market and build up yourself. It is cheaper than the professional rapid prototyping, for $1000 or less you can have one 3D printer. While the professional rapid prototyping cost at least $50,000.
3D printers are less accurate than rapid prototyping machines. Because of its simplicity the material choices are also limited.
What can you make with a 3D printer?
In 3D printing area, people say "If You Can Draw It, You Can Make It". In the video below shows many items can be made with a 3D printer. However complicated objects can only be made by professional 3D printers, they are not yet affortable for common family.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HdzooQQDWGg
What are the materials used to print 3D objects?
Many different materials can be used for 3D printing, such as ABS plastic, PLA, polyamide (nylon), glass filled polyamide, stereolithography materials (epoxy resins), silver, titanium, steel, wax, photopolymers and polycarbonate.
What 3D modeling software is suitable for a beginner in 3D design?
If you’re just getting started you can try some of 3D modeling software which can be downloaded for free.
- Google SketchUp - This Google SketchUp is fun and free, and is known for being easy to use. To build models in SketchUp, you draw edges and faces using a few simple tools that you can learn in a short time. With with Push/Pull tool you can extrude any flat surface into a 3D form. Furthermore, it works together with Google Earth, that you can import a scaled aerial photograph directly from Google Earth, or use SketchUp to build models which can be seen in Google Earth.
- 3Dtin - The simplest 3D software. You can draw directly from your browser.
- Blender - Blender is the free open source 3D content creation suite, available for all major operating systems under the GNU General Public License. Blender was developed as an in-house application by the Dutch animation studio NeoGeo and Not a Number Technologies (NaN). It is a powerful program contains features that are characteristic of high-end 3D software.
- OpenSCAD - OpenSCAD is a software for creating solid 3D CAD objects. It is free software and available for Linux/UNIX, MS Windows and Mac OS X. it does not focus on the artistic aspects of 3D modelling but instead on the CAD aspects.
- http://tinkercad.com/ Tinkercad] - Tinkercad is a new and faster way of creating designs for your 3D printer. With only three basic tools you can create a wide range of useful things. Once your project is ready simply download the STL file and start your 3D print.
Commercial software such as CAD software AutoCAD and Pro Engineer, software packages Rhino, Maya, and SolidWorks are all pretty good for designing 3D models.
I have no 3D design experience, how long does it take to learn 3D modeling?
You can learn how to 3D model by learning how to use 3D modeling tools such as Rhino, Blender or SketchUp. It will take you some weeks to be familiar with 3D modeling tools such as SketchUp, Rhino and Blender. To become a professional user will take you at least half a year to study and practice.
Where can I get 3D models online?
Here are some website with 3D models database: